#LUS is a promising method to diagnose TTN. Only DLP is not enough to diagnose #TTN, while DLP combined with B-line has good diagnostic performance.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.10.003

Treatment of neonatal #seizures may be time-critical, but more research is needed to confirm this. Improvements in neonatal seizure diagnosis and treatment are also needed.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.09.058

Findings demonstrate an association between impaired motor function and brain organisation in school-age children treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic #encephalopathy.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102872

 Febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequent cause of serious bacterial illness in children aged <2 years.
 Empiric antibiotic treatment must be initiated soon after a urine specimen for culture has been obtained.
 The increase in antibiotic resistance of uropathogens requires continuous monitoring.
 To limit the emergence of resistance, every effort to reduce and rationalize antibiotic consumption must be made.
 An increased use of antibiotic stewardship can be greatly effective for antibiotic
resistance.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2021.11.003

After the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for neonatal wards (Neo-BFHI) interventions were concluded, we found significant improvements in the breastfeeding attitudes of healthcare professionals
and in #breastfeeding-related care practices.

https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344211058373

This review summarizes the current state of the art in AE research/

#allergy
DOI: 10.1111/all.15058

The vast majority of contemporary EOS pathogens are susceptible to the combination of ampicillin and gentamicin. Clinicians may consider the addition of broader-spectrum therapy among newborns at highest risk of EOS, but we caution that neither the substitution nor the addition of 1 single antimicrobial agent is likely to provide adequate empiric therapy in all cases.

Births at GA 41 +4–­42+0 weeks were associated with an increased risk of neonatal morbidity and birth complications compared with births at GA 41+0–­41+3 weeks. The results of this study may aid clinicians in deciding when to recommend induction of labor in late-­term pregnancies.

DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14299

►► In this large, whole-­population, propensity-­matched observational study we found no differences in survival to discharge without major morbidity comparing early versus late initiation of PN.
►► We found higher rate of survival in early PN group and also higher rates of major morbidities that are known to be associated with neurodevelopmental impairment.
►► We cannot exclude residual confounding related to survival bias or how sick or unstable a baby was at the time of clinical decision-­making about PN initiation.

#nutrition
doi:10.1136/archdischild-­2021-­322383

Many gaps in knowledge including the optimal dosing, best route and timing of epinephrine administration warrant further studies.

#resuscitation
doi:10.3390/children6040051

There are several promising novel biomarkers in the pipeline, but well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the safety of using these novel biomarkers to guide clinical decisions.

#infections
https://doi.org/10.3390/children8111070

ILCOR summary statement

#resuscitation
DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001017

Long-term CHG use may select for CHG and OCT tolerance in CoNS. This highlights the different potential for separate antiseptic regimens to select for resistance development. This could be an important factor in developing future infection control policies.

#infections
https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlab173

The normal range for CSF parameters in neonates is different to that in older infants, and some parameters are influenced by gestational and chronological age. CSF parameters alone are not sufficiently reliable to exclude meningitis.

DOI: 10.1159/000517630

This study describes each available method and determines obstacles in use for each of them. It focuses on three areas: difficulties related to the application of sensors and interfaces, time to display, and user or observer feedback. Our review informs further studies and potentially improves outcomes by establishing methods to overcome the obstacles in use.

DOI: 10.1159/000499675

The results of this research highlight the continuous need to improve technical-scientific knowledge to qualify actions in neonatology.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0043

Currently, 12.0% of infants on postnatal/transitional care wards receive antibiotics for suspected EOS. The SRC could dramatically reduce antibiotic use, but further prospective studies are required to evaluate safety of SRC implementation.

DOI: 10.1159/000518059

Results of this study indicate that most thermal care interventions in the delivery room for preterm neonates were associated with improved core body temperature (with moderate certainty of evidence).

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0775

Pulse oximetry screening showed moderate to high sensitivity in detection of undiagnosed critical CHDs; however, it failed to detect two-third of major CHDs.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04275-w

Early initiated, moderately early or late advanced with moderate volume increment feeding regimens might be most appropriate in decreasing the risk of NEC stage II or mortality. In view of the certainty of evidence being very low, adequately powered RCTs evaluating these two strategies are warranted.

#nutrition

There is a reduction in plasma TG and SM and an increase in plasma PC and LPC species during the course of TH in newborns with moderate–severe HIE, compared to a single specimen from newborns with mild HIE.

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124301